Types of Seismic Waves
1. P-Waves (Primary Waves)
These are the fastest waves and the first to reach seismic stations. They compress and expand the ground, similar to sound waves. P-waves can travel through solids, liquids, and gases.
2. S-Waves (Secondary Waves)
These arrive after P-waves and move the ground side-to-side or up-and-down. They travel only through solids, which helps scientists understand Earth’s internal layers.
3. Surface Waves
These travel along the Earth’s surface and cause the most damage during earthquakes. They create rolling and shaking motions that affect buildings and infrastructure.
🔹 Why Seismic Waves Matter
Seismic waves help scientists:
- Detect and locate earthquakes
- Study Earth’s interior structure
- Map faults and rock layers
- Explore natural resources
- Design safer buildings